Alcohol appears to share a complex relationship with health. Whilst the evidence is pretty conclusive that heavy drinking is linked with a number of detrimental health effects, the evidence is less clear for light-moderate drinking.
The evidence seems to suggest that alcohol shares a linear relationship with cancer risk (I.e. the more someone drinks the higher their risk of cancer will be), particularly for breast cancer and bowel cancer. Though the increased risk for light-moderate drinkers appears to be modest (http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h4238+)
However, alcohol appears to show a more complicated relationship with cardiovascular disease, in that light-moderate drinkers (who drink less than 7 drinks per week) seem to be at a reduced risk of heart attacks compared to never, very occasional or heavier drinkers (http://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j909). Nevertheless, the evidence does not confirm whether light-moderate alcohol consumption actively prevents heart attacks or whether light-moderate drinkers are simply healthier for other reasons outside the control of the studies.
The UK recently updated their alcohol guidelines to suggest both men and women drink less than 7 drinks (~14 units) per week, spread over a week but with a few alcohol free days in between, which seems to be a good fit with the available evidence on cancer and other health outcomes (https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/alcohol-facts/alcoholic-drinks-units/latest-uk-alcohol-unit-guidance/).
Did this expert answer help you?
We rely on donors and members to keep trusted facts flowing freely for everyone. So we ask if you have learnt new knowledge from our community or like the idea of an independent fact-checking platform powered by science, you can support Metafact for as little as $2.
Support Metafact