Are birds the closest living relative to dinosaurs? - Metafact

Are birds the closest living relative to dinosaurs?

What is the closest living relative to dinosaurs?

score icon89%

Affirmative

From 9 verified experts:

8 answered Likely or higher


Scientific evidence from the anatomy of dozens of fossil species shows that birds evolved in the Jurassic period, around 180 million years ago, from within a group of small-bodied, already-feathered, bipedal, carnivorous, three-toed, hollow-boned, skinny-tailed, fast-growing (probably warm-blooded), longer-armed dinosaurs called the maniraptoran theropods. By the way naming groups works in biology today, birds are dinosaurs because they are descended from them; just like we are apes, primates, mammals and vertebrates via virtue of descent. The fossil evidence has grown over the past 20 years to the point where it is largely arbitrary where to draw the blurry line between "non-bird" and "bird" in the fossil record-- more primitive features gradually give way to more "bird-like" advanced ones as we move up the family tree of theropod dinosaurs. We even have evidence of fossil coloration (feathers/"protofeathers") and other skin and internal organs (sometimes in 3D preservation) in addition to fossil footprints and eggs, all strongly supporting the conclusion that birds are deeply embedded within maniraptoran theropods (most closely related to non-bird species such as Velociraptor, the "four-winged" Microraptor, and so on). Remaining debate among scientists is largely about details of which non-birds are the closest relatives and other relatively small details about the maniraptoran family tree's structure, whereas 50 years ago there was much more uncertainty.

Answered about 6 years ago

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John R Hutchinson

Verified Expert

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